Lots of factors and I know very little about dwc. I believe it can have to do with bubble size and how aggressive they are..
Stuff MOG has said about bubbles
It looks to me like your bubbles are too large and therefore also violent. The smaller the bubbles the better. If you look at the root that is still in the moist air, it has a bunch of fine lateral feeder roots that look like fuzz. These are the roots we strive to protect in the water from too much turbulence. The smaller the bubbles the more surface area to exchange oxygen to the water, it is from the water that the roots get the oxygen they need, not from bubbles touching the roots. I always had two stones on separate pumps in each bucket, one pump on a battery backup.
Changing the volume of air did not change the bubble size and that is what we are looking to do. You need better air stones.