This should be a good addition to the new section.recycle,reduce,reuse..
I would like to mention that I didn't write this article..it was written by the 3 Little Birds..
I would like to mention that I didn't write this article..it was written by the 3 Little Birds..
Endless Soil Remixing withthe 3LBS
We are about to go totally against the advice that Cervantes and Rosenthal and many others give concerning soil . . . the three little birds want to tell people that we ALWAYS re-use our soil . . . No soil has left the garden's of the three little birds since before the turn of the millennium . . .
we were discussing this among "the birds" the other night and one line that a little bird said comes to mind . . . "Farmer's don't strip their topsoil after a harvest - or even a few - in fact their soil is their most precious commodity - why should it be different for indoor gardening as long as proper care is taken to build healthy soil?"
Some “experts” will tell folks to throw out their soil after every grow . . .and we've known plenty of commercial growers that happily comply to make sure they do not have pest or nutrient problems. . . Maybe that even is the best solution for your grow, we can't say for sure, as always your mileage may vary.. .
We are poor simple medical users . . . and spending something like $20 for a bag of Fox Farm soil rubbed us wrong . . . our indoor herb grows have evolved to use 2'x3' containers . . . so with our container system it might take 2+full bags of that soil for 3 plants in one of those containers . . . The three little birds wanted to save our money to purchase top quality genetics . . . not to buy simple dirt . . . so we decided there had to be a better way!
Now again . . . someone who is involved in commercial (rather than personal
medical) production might not be so inclined to bother with making sure their soils stay healthy and all the work we go through to ensure our soil's health.. . but for us it is a labor of love and we feel our results speak for themselves. . . anyway, like we said . . our soil never leaves our grow . . .it has all been recycled to the point that we could not even begin to tell you how many times it's been through our system . . .
A good commercial potting mix has always been the base for our soil. . . We look for a product which is 100% organic . . . we recommend that you avoid ALL chemical salt ferts like the plague if you value your soil health. . . This especially includes timed-released chem ferts like osmocote . . .
Depending on what we have found for soil . . . we go from there. . . Some cheap organic soil mixes contain little more than peat, perlite, and dolomite lime.. . These absolutely need amending to start off. . . Some organic soil mixes are much more complete and need little or no amending for starters. . .
Organic mushroom compost is certainly one of the hot soil mediums these days .. . and we've certainly had great success mixing it in with our soil remixes to add fresh organic matter. . . we often have “top-dressed” with fresh mushroom compost as well . . . after a couple years of experience with mushroom compost. . . we’ve found it to be a great source for an indoor soil base . . .
and it’s proven to work well with remixes . . .
Now we’ll walk you through a description of the soil building process . . .lets imagine we started with an already amended soil mix like Fox Farm OceanForest as the base . . . perhaps mixed and with mushroom compost and added perlite . . .
Once through it's first grow (the plants fed only 100% organic with earth juice, guano and alfalfa teas, fish ferts, and liquid kelp). . . our container of soil has it's root balls pulled and it is dumped into a very large rubbermaid container w/ a lid (50 gallon container is our standard) . . . These container's are longer than our 2x3 growing containers, so with 2 people lifting and dumping . . . it's not too hard to keep this step neat. . . Each bin can actually hold more than the contents from a single grow-container . . .2 grow-containers of soil will actually fit, but this makes mixing in amendments very difficult and messy. . .
Now we proceed to give back to our soil mix what our plants have taken (and then some) . . . We get out our kelp meal, bone meal, alfalfa (or blood) meal,greensand, rock phosphate, diatomaceous earth, and dolomite lime and get mixing. . . Depending on the soil's condition this is also where we might add a little more perlite if soil compaction looks to be a potential problem. . .
Folks are going to ask us how much of these different supplements we add, and the only honest answer we can give is - it depends! If the plants we'd raised previously in that particular container had shown any signs of being short on a major nutrient . . .it's not too hard to throw in an extra cup or two of the appropriate organic supplement . . .for example we’d add extra Blood meal or alfalfa for N - Bone meal for P - kelp meal for K and other micro nutrients . ..
A nice full 16 oz plastic “dixie” cup of each of the prior mentioned ingredients would be our “baseline” for supplementing this round of soil re-mix. . . that actually equals a measurement of 2 cups (1 pint) . . . We will generally double this amount if any nutrient shortage has shown. . .
The greensand and rock phosphate are very slow to dissolve and be absorbed by plants, and are not normally used by many indoor container gardeners. . . Their slow release is what helps to make our system work . . . They will still be in our soil for the next couple of grows, doing their part for our soil health. ..
This is the point where we would also add some of our own compost assuming there is some finished and ready . . . if not some mushroom compost has proven to work . . . Our compost is made from the usual standards, household veggie food scraps and such . . . with the addition of all our used grow scraps. . .Fan leaf, chopped stems, and the "leftover's" from processing by bubble bag or tumbling are all composted and returned to the soil. . .
Now we will wet this whole mix down lightly and let it "cook" for a spell. . . We have a couple of large bins like this for soil remixing and composting. . . Folks always want us to be specific on amounts and times, and we do a lot of this by feel, so when we say we let the soil cook for a"spell" - how long depends on feel and need . . .
The minimum time our soil sits is two weeks . . . and it's sat waiting for use for a couple months like this during slower times or shut-downs in our grow . .. This time gives soil bacteria a chance to work and make the various organic amendments more quickly and easily available for our plants. . .
Now for the second grow . . . We use this soil again for another grow, watering with our usual array of teas, Earth Juice, etc. . . If needed, containers are top-dressed with compost (our own or mushroom compost depending on availability) as any soil settling occurs. . .
Upon yet another successful harvest . . the soil is reconditioned again . . .Once we reached our third mix of soil, we cut back on some of the soil amendments. . . The greensand and rock phosphate are still working from the last re-mix so we don't need to add any more of them for sure. . . .What remains in your soil at this point in terms of nitrogen and such may depend onyour strain, some strains are much more greedy for some nutrients . . .
As an example of this technique . . . if our plants haven't shown any signs of yellowing as they mature, we figure there is nitrogen enough in the soil for the next round (at least to get started - we can add more N on the fly with fish ferts and teas if needed) . . and no alfalfa / blood meal would be added.. . If yellowing has occurred then a nitrogen supplement is added again. . . as we’ve gotten more adept at remixing our soils . . .
Just as a note about nitrogen sources . . . we’ve found that over time we can now judge better how much of the amendments to mix in from the beginning . . .and as we’ve increasingly switch from blood meal to alfalfa . . . we’ve found that we can add alfalfa meal with every soil remix . . .
Kelp meal is always added again since many of the major liquid organic ferts seem a little short on potassium, and also because we like the micro nutrients kelp meal provides to our plants. . . Dolomite lime will usually be necessary again too . . .and it's possible your soil will need even more lime this time than last. . . Any peat in the soil adds acidity as it decomposes, and the lime balances this as well as providing magnesium. . .
After the standard 15 - 30 days of standing moistened waiting for use this soil is used still another time. . . Now our soil has grown 4 crops of herbs and is still going and growing strong. . . At this point, we have started plants in our soil remixes directly alongside plants in fresh potting soil, just to make sure our mix wasn't subtly stunting our plants. . .
The result was that the plants grown in our 4th and 5th generation soil remix did far better than those directly alongside grown in fresh from the bag FoxFarm Ocean Forest potting soil!
Because our garden was designed to be a continuous harvest setup . . . once we are to our 4th or 5th remix, it's starting to get hard to keep track of exactly what soil has been remixed where . . since half used bins of remixes are often dumped together to make room for another round of used soil coming from the garden . . So from here we simply continue adding amendments by feel as needed.. . as we’ve already described . . .
This is how the three little birds use soil. . . We know we break the rule we have all been told to follow - to never reuse soil. . . Even those"radicals" we have seen reusing soil, have always described letting their soil go out to their flower beds after 3 or 4 grows. We decided to push the envelope and see how far we could take it . . .
We still haven't found a limit for the number of times we remix our soil, and our harvests and plant vigor keep improving. . .
Oh . . just to add another bit of heresy . . . folk who have checked out our picture gallery at CW may have noticed our container grows suspended above the floor on wheeled furniture movers. . . It's a very convenient way to keep the plants in larger containers mobile. . . but you also must realize then (if you think about it) that out grow containers have NO drainage. . .
Our soil mix . . . which now has been remixed double digit times . . . has NEVER been flushed!
one more thing we might add - we certainly would not remix soil from any containers where we'd had a bug or disease problem - even getting bud mold would be enough for us to say - no thanks to a soil remix . . . if disease or pests strike your soil it will need to be discarded . . . otherwise we're still reusing the same soils in 2004 we used in 2003 . . . and those were used in2002 and 2001 and 2000 etc . . .
our methods may not be for everyone . . . and we strongly encourage folk to usea keen eye to watch and "listen" closely to their plants . . . when we open a container of our remixed soil after it's "composted" . . .it smells like fresh earth . . . and as long as that's the case we plan to keep using ours . . .
As a final note . . . we are proud to report that earthworms live in our soil remixes now. . . not the big fat night crawlers that many folks associate with the word "worm" . . . these are smaller red wigglers . . . our container gardens aren't ideal habitat for worms . . . they are really too shallow . . . so in many ways we are amazed that worms manage to live in our indoor garden . . . and we use fish ferts and earth juice ferts in fairly high concentrations . . . again we are a little amazed that worms tolerate this . .. but we've had plenty of worms (red wigglers) showing up in containers that had been through their entire bloom cycle as they were being remixed for recycling . . .
We are about to go totally against the advice that Cervantes and Rosenthal and many others give concerning soil . . . the three little birds want to tell people that we ALWAYS re-use our soil . . . No soil has left the garden's of the three little birds since before the turn of the millennium . . .
we were discussing this among "the birds" the other night and one line that a little bird said comes to mind . . . "Farmer's don't strip their topsoil after a harvest - or even a few - in fact their soil is their most precious commodity - why should it be different for indoor gardening as long as proper care is taken to build healthy soil?"
Some “experts” will tell folks to throw out their soil after every grow . . .and we've known plenty of commercial growers that happily comply to make sure they do not have pest or nutrient problems. . . Maybe that even is the best solution for your grow, we can't say for sure, as always your mileage may vary.. .
We are poor simple medical users . . . and spending something like $20 for a bag of Fox Farm soil rubbed us wrong . . . our indoor herb grows have evolved to use 2'x3' containers . . . so with our container system it might take 2+full bags of that soil for 3 plants in one of those containers . . . The three little birds wanted to save our money to purchase top quality genetics . . . not to buy simple dirt . . . so we decided there had to be a better way!
Now again . . . someone who is involved in commercial (rather than personal
medical) production might not be so inclined to bother with making sure their soils stay healthy and all the work we go through to ensure our soil's health.. . but for us it is a labor of love and we feel our results speak for themselves. . . anyway, like we said . . our soil never leaves our grow . . .it has all been recycled to the point that we could not even begin to tell you how many times it's been through our system . . .
A good commercial potting mix has always been the base for our soil. . . We look for a product which is 100% organic . . . we recommend that you avoid ALL chemical salt ferts like the plague if you value your soil health. . . This especially includes timed-released chem ferts like osmocote . . .
Depending on what we have found for soil . . . we go from there. . . Some cheap organic soil mixes contain little more than peat, perlite, and dolomite lime.. . These absolutely need amending to start off. . . Some organic soil mixes are much more complete and need little or no amending for starters. . .
Organic mushroom compost is certainly one of the hot soil mediums these days .. . and we've certainly had great success mixing it in with our soil remixes to add fresh organic matter. . . we often have “top-dressed” with fresh mushroom compost as well . . . after a couple years of experience with mushroom compost. . . we’ve found it to be a great source for an indoor soil base . . .
and it’s proven to work well with remixes . . .
Now we’ll walk you through a description of the soil building process . . .lets imagine we started with an already amended soil mix like Fox Farm OceanForest as the base . . . perhaps mixed and with mushroom compost and added perlite . . .
Once through it's first grow (the plants fed only 100% organic with earth juice, guano and alfalfa teas, fish ferts, and liquid kelp). . . our container of soil has it's root balls pulled and it is dumped into a very large rubbermaid container w/ a lid (50 gallon container is our standard) . . . These container's are longer than our 2x3 growing containers, so with 2 people lifting and dumping . . . it's not too hard to keep this step neat. . . Each bin can actually hold more than the contents from a single grow-container . . .2 grow-containers of soil will actually fit, but this makes mixing in amendments very difficult and messy. . .
Now we proceed to give back to our soil mix what our plants have taken (and then some) . . . We get out our kelp meal, bone meal, alfalfa (or blood) meal,greensand, rock phosphate, diatomaceous earth, and dolomite lime and get mixing. . . Depending on the soil's condition this is also where we might add a little more perlite if soil compaction looks to be a potential problem. . .
Folks are going to ask us how much of these different supplements we add, and the only honest answer we can give is - it depends! If the plants we'd raised previously in that particular container had shown any signs of being short on a major nutrient . . .it's not too hard to throw in an extra cup or two of the appropriate organic supplement . . .for example we’d add extra Blood meal or alfalfa for N - Bone meal for P - kelp meal for K and other micro nutrients . ..
A nice full 16 oz plastic “dixie” cup of each of the prior mentioned ingredients would be our “baseline” for supplementing this round of soil re-mix. . . that actually equals a measurement of 2 cups (1 pint) . . . We will generally double this amount if any nutrient shortage has shown. . .
The greensand and rock phosphate are very slow to dissolve and be absorbed by plants, and are not normally used by many indoor container gardeners. . . Their slow release is what helps to make our system work . . . They will still be in our soil for the next couple of grows, doing their part for our soil health. ..
This is the point where we would also add some of our own compost assuming there is some finished and ready . . . if not some mushroom compost has proven to work . . . Our compost is made from the usual standards, household veggie food scraps and such . . . with the addition of all our used grow scraps. . .Fan leaf, chopped stems, and the "leftover's" from processing by bubble bag or tumbling are all composted and returned to the soil. . .
Now we will wet this whole mix down lightly and let it "cook" for a spell. . . We have a couple of large bins like this for soil remixing and composting. . . Folks always want us to be specific on amounts and times, and we do a lot of this by feel, so when we say we let the soil cook for a"spell" - how long depends on feel and need . . .
The minimum time our soil sits is two weeks . . . and it's sat waiting for use for a couple months like this during slower times or shut-downs in our grow . .. This time gives soil bacteria a chance to work and make the various organic amendments more quickly and easily available for our plants. . .
Now for the second grow . . . We use this soil again for another grow, watering with our usual array of teas, Earth Juice, etc. . . If needed, containers are top-dressed with compost (our own or mushroom compost depending on availability) as any soil settling occurs. . .
Upon yet another successful harvest . . the soil is reconditioned again . . .Once we reached our third mix of soil, we cut back on some of the soil amendments. . . The greensand and rock phosphate are still working from the last re-mix so we don't need to add any more of them for sure. . . .What remains in your soil at this point in terms of nitrogen and such may depend onyour strain, some strains are much more greedy for some nutrients . . .
As an example of this technique . . . if our plants haven't shown any signs of yellowing as they mature, we figure there is nitrogen enough in the soil for the next round (at least to get started - we can add more N on the fly with fish ferts and teas if needed) . . and no alfalfa / blood meal would be added.. . If yellowing has occurred then a nitrogen supplement is added again. . . as we’ve gotten more adept at remixing our soils . . .
Just as a note about nitrogen sources . . . we’ve found that over time we can now judge better how much of the amendments to mix in from the beginning . . .and as we’ve increasingly switch from blood meal to alfalfa . . . we’ve found that we can add alfalfa meal with every soil remix . . .
Kelp meal is always added again since many of the major liquid organic ferts seem a little short on potassium, and also because we like the micro nutrients kelp meal provides to our plants. . . Dolomite lime will usually be necessary again too . . .and it's possible your soil will need even more lime this time than last. . . Any peat in the soil adds acidity as it decomposes, and the lime balances this as well as providing magnesium. . .
After the standard 15 - 30 days of standing moistened waiting for use this soil is used still another time. . . Now our soil has grown 4 crops of herbs and is still going and growing strong. . . At this point, we have started plants in our soil remixes directly alongside plants in fresh potting soil, just to make sure our mix wasn't subtly stunting our plants. . .
The result was that the plants grown in our 4th and 5th generation soil remix did far better than those directly alongside grown in fresh from the bag FoxFarm Ocean Forest potting soil!
Because our garden was designed to be a continuous harvest setup . . . once we are to our 4th or 5th remix, it's starting to get hard to keep track of exactly what soil has been remixed where . . since half used bins of remixes are often dumped together to make room for another round of used soil coming from the garden . . So from here we simply continue adding amendments by feel as needed.. . as we’ve already described . . .
This is how the three little birds use soil. . . We know we break the rule we have all been told to follow - to never reuse soil. . . Even those"radicals" we have seen reusing soil, have always described letting their soil go out to their flower beds after 3 or 4 grows. We decided to push the envelope and see how far we could take it . . .
We still haven't found a limit for the number of times we remix our soil, and our harvests and plant vigor keep improving. . .
Oh . . just to add another bit of heresy . . . folk who have checked out our picture gallery at CW may have noticed our container grows suspended above the floor on wheeled furniture movers. . . It's a very convenient way to keep the plants in larger containers mobile. . . but you also must realize then (if you think about it) that out grow containers have NO drainage. . .
Our soil mix . . . which now has been remixed double digit times . . . has NEVER been flushed!
one more thing we might add - we certainly would not remix soil from any containers where we'd had a bug or disease problem - even getting bud mold would be enough for us to say - no thanks to a soil remix . . . if disease or pests strike your soil it will need to be discarded . . . otherwise we're still reusing the same soils in 2004 we used in 2003 . . . and those were used in2002 and 2001 and 2000 etc . . .
our methods may not be for everyone . . . and we strongly encourage folk to usea keen eye to watch and "listen" closely to their plants . . . when we open a container of our remixed soil after it's "composted" . . .it smells like fresh earth . . . and as long as that's the case we plan to keep using ours . . .
As a final note . . . we are proud to report that earthworms live in our soil remixes now. . . not the big fat night crawlers that many folks associate with the word "worm" . . . these are smaller red wigglers . . . our container gardens aren't ideal habitat for worms . . . they are really too shallow . . . so in many ways we are amazed that worms manage to live in our indoor garden . . . and we use fish ferts and earth juice ferts in fairly high concentrations . . . again we are a little amazed that worms tolerate this . .. but we've had plenty of worms (red wigglers) showing up in containers that had been through their entire bloom cycle as they were being remixed for recycling . . .
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