Don’t be afraid to water your plants. I’ve definiely noticed a bias lately where people are afraid to overwater their plants so they overcorrect and end up under watering.
When you water, you should fully saturate your medium. I’m skeptical that 16oz is enough to do that, although it could be. What medium is this exactly? It looks pretty airy, and with that perlite, the risk of drowning your roots is much lower.
In general, water your medium before it dries out. Weight is probably the best way to figure this out.
To put it in some context regarding different mediums, when I grew in soil I’d typically water every 3 days - fully saturated but with little to no runoff. For soilless mixes, like Pro-Mix HP, I’d water every 48 hours to 10% runoff. Now that I’m growing in coco, I’m watering 5 times per day to 20% run off lol. It really is medium dependent.
Also, what are you feeding? Definitely some signs of N toxicity and overfeeding in general on the first plant. If liquid nutes, are you tracking ppm/EC and pH?